Linux下ART2000软件开发环境构建教程

[TOC]

1. 系统准备

1.1 OS

操心系统：ubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-amd64。

1.2 安装pip

$ sudo apt install python-pip

把pip更新到最新：

$ sudo pip install --upgrade pip

1.3 多个版本Python的处理

安装2.7和3.4两个版本：

sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo apt-get install python3.4

切换python版本，在终端输入以下命令：

$ ls -larth `which python`*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  306  2月 20  2014 /usr/bin/pythontex3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   58  2月 20  2014 /usr/bin/pythontex -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/pythontex/pythontex.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    9  5月 10  2017 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    9  5月 10  2017 /usr/bin/python -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    9  5月 10  2017 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   10  5月 10  2017 /usr/bin/python3m -> python3.4m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.2M 11月 24  2017 /usr/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3.6M 11月 29  2017 /usr/bin/python3.4m
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3.6M 11月 29  2017 /usr/bin/python3.4

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.4 2

$ sudo update-alternatives --config pythonThere are 2 choices for the alternative python (providing /usr/bin/python).

  Selection    Path                Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/python3.4   2         auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/python2.7   1         manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/python3.4   2         manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

根据出现的序号，选择你需要的python版本，输入序号回车即可。

如果使用python3.4，则还需要安装pip3:

$ sudo apt-get install pip3

2. 安装JDK

JDK下载 jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz

$ sudo tar zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C /opt
$ vi ~/.bashrc

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_181
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib 
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

3. 安装eclipse

3.1. 安装eclipse

最简单的方法是从GNU MCU Eclipse GitHub Release下载，可以同时获得Eclipse CDT和MCU所需的插件。

gnumcueclipse-4.4.1 下载

下载的压缩包为20180721-1240-gnumcueclipse-4.4.1-oxygen-3a-linux.gtk.x86_64.tar.gz。

mkdir ~/opt
tar zxvf 20180721-1240-gnumcueclipse-4.4.1-oxygen-3a-linux.gtk.x86_64.tar.gz -C ~/opt/
$ sudo vi /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Eclipse
Type=Application
Exec=/home/username/opt/eclipse/eclipse
Terminal=false
Icon=/home/username/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
Comment=Integrated Development Environment
NoDisplay=false
Categories=Development;IDE;
Name[en]=Eclipse

$ sudo chmod u+x /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop
$ ln -sf $JRE_HOME ~/opt/eclipse/jre

than, launch eclipse.

3.2. 安装CDT Main Features ======

Eclipse menu --> Help --> Install New Software... -->
Work with: select CDT - http://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/9.4
select CDT Main Features and install.

4. 安装Toolchain

Download URL:

https://github.com/gnu-mcu-eclipse/arm-none-eabi-gcc/releases/download/v7.3.1-1.1/gnu-mcu-eclipse-arm-none-eabi-gcc-7.3.1-1.1-20180724-0637-centos64.tgz

下载最新版：gnu-mcu-eclipse-arm-none-eabi-gcc-7.3.1-1.1-20180724-0637-centos64.tgz

$ tar -zxvf gnu-mcu-eclipse-arm-none-eabi-gcc-7.3.1-1.1-20180724-0637-centos64.tgz -C ~/opt/

注意：不要将工具链路径添加到用户或系统路径！

如果现有一个工具链只有一个单一版本，那么这不会有问题，但如果有相同工具链的多个版本，将会出现问题。所以不设置工具链路径，由GNU MCU Eclipse插件管理工具链。

5. 安装SEGGER J-Link

J-Link download URL: https://www.segger.com/downloads/jlink/

下载最新版：JLink_Linux_V634_x86_64.deb。

安装：

$ sudo dpkg -i JLink_Linux_V634_x86_64.deb

J-Link可执行文件安装在 /usr/bin。

安装过程会自动添加/etc/udev/rules.d/99-jlink.rules以定义J-Link设备的USB ID。

测试：

通过JLink连接PC到开发板。
执行命令： ``` $ JLinkExe SEGGER J-Link Commander V6.34 (Compiled Aug 7 2018 15:59:20) DLL version V6.34, compiled Aug 7 2018 15:58:52

Connecting to J-Link via USB...O.K. Firmware: J-Link ARM-OB STM32 compiled Aug 22 2012 19:52:04 Hardware version: V7.00 S/N: 20090928 License(s): RDI,FlashDL,FlashBP,JFlash,GDBFull VTref=3.300V

Type "connect" to establish a target connection, '?' for help J-Link>connect Please specify device / core. : CORTEX-M4 Type '?' for selection dialog Device> Please specify target interface: J) JTAG (Default) S) SWD T) cJTAG TIF>S Specify target interface speed [kHz]. : 4000 kHz Speed>10 Device "CORTEX-M4" selected.

Connecting to target via SWD Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477 Scanning AP map to find all available APs AP[1]: Stopped AP scan as end of AP map has been reached AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: 0x24770011) Iterating through AP map to find AHB-AP to use AP[0]: Core found AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000 CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM) Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian. FPUnit: 6 code (BP) slots and 2 literal slots CoreSight components: ROMTbl[0] @ E00FF000 ROMTbl[0][0]: E000E000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 000BB00C SCS-M7 ROMTbl[0][1]: E0001000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 003BB002 DWT ROMTbl[0][2]: E0002000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 002BB003 FPB ROMTbl[0][3]: E0000000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 003BB001 ITM ROMTbl[0][4]: E0040000, CID: B105900D, PID: 000BB9A1 TPIU Cortex-M4 identified.

连接成功！
# 6. 安装OpenOCD
OpenOCD download URL: 

https://github.com/gnu-mcu-eclipse/openocd/releases/download/v0.10.0-8-20180512/gnu-mcu-eclipse-openocd-0.10.0-8-20180512-1921-centos64.tgz

下载文件：gnu-mcu-eclipse-openocd-0.10.0-8-20180512-1921-centos64.tgz。

解压：

$ tar -zxvf gnu-mcu-eclipse-openocd-0.10.0-8-20180512-1921-centos64.tgz -C ~/opt/

$ sudo cp ~/opt/gnu-mcu-eclipse/openocd/0.10.0-8-20180512-1921/contrib/60-openocd.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/ $ sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

$ sudo usermod -aG plugdev $USER


+ 更新OpenOCD路径

在Eclipse主菜单中： Window --> Preferences --> MCU --> Global OpenOCD Path

Executable: openocd

Folder:   ~/opt/gnu-mcu-eclipse/openocd/0.10.0-8-20180512-1921/bin

# 7. 安装QEMU
QEMU download URL: 

https://github.com/gnu-mcu-eclipse/qemu/releases/download/v2.8.0-3-20180523/gnu-mcu-eclipse-qemu-2.8.0-3-20180523-0703-centos64.tgz

下载文件：gnu-mcu-eclipse-qemu-2.8.0-3-20180523-0703-centos64.tgz

$ tar -zxvf gnu-mcu-eclipse-qemu-2.8.0-3-20180523-0703-centos64.tgz -C ~/opt/ $ ~/opt/gnu-mcu-eclipse/qemu/2.8.0-3-20180523-0703/bin/qemu-system-gnuarmeclipse --version GNU MCU Eclipse 64-bits QEMU emulator version 2.8.0-3 (v2.8.0-3-20180523-dirty) Copyright (c) 2003-2016 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

+ 更新QEMU路径

在Eclipse主菜单中： Window --> Preferences --> MCU --> Global QEMU Path

Executable: qemu-system-gnuarmeclipse

Folder:   ~/opt/gnu-mcu-eclipse/qemu/2.8.0-3-20180523-0703/bin

# 8. 安装Jumper Virtual Lab
Jumper Virtual lab是一个模拟器，它提供了一种快速简便的方法来运行固件文件。 Jumper的eclipse插件与GNU MCU Eclipse的插件配合使用，使您可以轻松地在虚拟设备上运行固件。

+ 创建一个账户

https://vlab.jumper.io/login

+ 安装Jumper Virtual Lab

如果是python2.7，如下命令：

$ sudo pip install jumper --upgrade

如果是Python3.4，如下命令：

$ sudo pip3 install jumper --upgrade ```

9. 安装工作区偏好设置

9.1. 自动保存和文本文件编码

如果编辑了代码忘记了保存，编译运行后是没有任何变化的，所以最好设置自动保存。

go to the Eclipse menu → (Windows →) Preferences → General → Workspace
enable Save automatically before build

在同个页面，设置文本编码和行分隔符：

in the Text file encoding section
click the Other button
select UTF-8 in the combo box
check the New text file line delimiter to be set to Unix
disable the Build automatically option
last, click the Apply button

9.2. 显示行号

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → General → Editors → Text Editors
enable Show line numbers
enable Show print margin
set the Print margin column at 80
click the Apply button

9.3. 使用活动构建配置进行索引

Eclipse CDT有一个非常强大的索引器，它可以动态解析源代码，并在编辑时提供提示，自动完成帮助，错误报告等，而无需启动构建过程。要使索引器在从一个配置更改为另一个配置时自动同步，请检查索引器是否设置为使用活动配置：

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Indexer
enable Use active build configuration
click the Apply button

9.4. 编辑器折叠

为了更好地查看源文件的整个内容，建议禁用编辑器折叠：

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Editor → Folding
disable Header Comments (in fact it is recommended to disable all foldings)
click the Apply button

9.5. 代码格式

Eclipse CDT具有非常有用的功能，允许自动重新格式化一段代码以符合给定的样式。推荐的样式是GNU：

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Code Style → Formatter
in the Active profile: field, select GNU [built-in]
click the Edit… button
set Profile name to GNU with spaces
Change the tab policy to Spaces only, and the indentation and tab size to 2

9.6. 编译控制台

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Build → Console
enable Wrap lines on the console
enable Bring console to top when building
increase the Limit console output: field, for example from 500 to 5000 lines
click the Apply button
9.7. Doxygen
To enable support for documentation tool comments:
go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Editor
select Doxygen in the Documentation tool comments 这样，你只需输入/**，剩余的注释会自动补齐。

9.8. 调试前面应用

Eclipse会记住以前使用的调试配置，并可将其作为主调试按钮的默认配置。

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → Run/Debug → Launching
select Always launch the previously launched application in the Launch Operation section.

9.9. Show source roots

对于具有许多源文件夹的大型项目，您可能希望禁用显示源文件夹：

go to the Eclipse menu → (Window →) Preferences → C/C++ → Appearance
disable Show source roots at top of project.

10. 工具链路径管理

GNU MCU Eclipse交叉编译插件提供了大量现有工具链，并将每个工具链与一个单独的路径相关联。对于需要特定版本的特殊项目，它还允许将路径关联到每个项目。在所有情况下，此关联都存储在工作区内部文件夹中，而不是存储在项目配置中，因此它不会通过存储库从一个开发人员传递到另一个开发人员。

Linux下ARM软件开发环境构建教程